Dipper teeth



Dec. 30, 952 R FRYE 2,623,309

DIPPER TEETH Filed June 22, 1948 2 SHEETSSHEET l INVENTOR.

ROBERT 6. F RYE HIS ATTORNEY Dec. 30, 1952 FRYE 2,623,309

DIPPER TEETH Filed June 22, 1948 2 SHE S-SH ET 2 62 6'3 i wl 7 6'1. 64

INVENTOR. ROBERT 6. FRYE F 10 M My;

HIS ATTORNEY Patented Dec. 30, 1952 DIPPER TEETH Robert G. Frye, Columbus, Ohio Application June 22, 1948, Serial No. 34,381

8 Claims.

My invention as disclosed in this application relates to improvements in steam shovels. Specifically it relates to an improved type of digging means such as teeth adapted to be secured to the dipper bucket of such steam shovels and such as attachments or appliances designed to be secured to or used with steam shovel teeth in order to modify the action of the teeth and to produce a greater efiiciency than has been heretofore possible.

One of the objects of my invention is an increase in the efiiciency of steam shovels.

A further object of my invention is the provision of an improved design of a dipper bucket for steam shovels and of teeth and attachments therefor which will increase the efficiency of such steam shovels.

A further more specific object of my invention is the provision of means whereby a greater amount of stones, gravel, dirt, etc. may be forced into the bucket of a steam shovel and lifted thereby with the same amount of power or equal amount of stones, dirt, etc. forced into and raised with a smaller amount of power.

A further object of my invention is the provision of a dipper bucket equipped with dipper teeth having between the teeth a trough formed with turning side walls by which the stones are forced sideways so as to turn on a rolling surface and improve the efficiency of the digging operation.

Thus my improvements are specially desirable in the handling of stones inasmuch as by means of the improvements, the stones are caused to turn and act as rollers or bearings with the relatively greater eflicient handling of such stones.

An even more specific feature of my invention is the provision of integral dipper teeth for steam shovels so formed that they cooperate with adjacent teeth to form a trough equipped with turning side walls for the efficient handling of stones, gravel, dirt, etc.

A further specific feature of my invention is the provision of a separate trough which may be secured between two adjacent teeth so as to form means for the more efficient handling of stones.

A further specific feature of my invention is the provision of a dipper front formed with troughs between which dipper teeth may be inserted so as to utilize more efiiciently the digging capacity of such teeth.

Further objects and advantages of my invention will be apparent from the following description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings wherein preferred forms of embodiments of the invention are clearly shown.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a view in elevation of a steam shovel dipper bucket in the position which it assumes when the bucket is lifted after being filled with stones, dirt, etc.;

Fig. 2 is a view in perspective of one of the teeth shown in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a view in horizontal section taken substantailly on the line 3-3 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is a view in horizontal section taken substantially on the line 4-4 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 5 is a view in top plan of one of the teeth looking at it from the digging edge;

Fig. 6 is a view in elevation of one of the teeth shown in Fig. 1 the tooth being inverted;

Fig. 7 is a fragmentary View in perspective showing diagrammatically several stones in the attitudes which they assume by reason of the trough and slot formed by two adjacent teeth in my improved dipper front;

Fig. 8 is a fragmentary view in elevation of a modified form of dipper front. teeth, and trough constructed in accordance with my invention;

Fig. 9 is a view in horizontal section taken substantially as if on the line 9-9 of Fig. 8;

Fig. 10 is a view in perspective of one of the teeth in Fig. 8;

Fig. 11 is a View in perspective of the trough element shown in Fig. 8; and

Fig. 12 is a fragmentary view in elevation of a further modified form of dipper front and tooth also constructed in accordance with my invention.

Referring again to the drawings for a detailed description of my invention, it may be seen that I have shownin Fig. 1 a dipper bucket 2| provided with teeth 22, 23, 24, 25 and 26. These teeth are formed or equipped with means to provide a trough having-turning side walls. Thus the end teeth 22 and 26 are each provided with an inner side projection such as projections 2! and 28 and the intermediate teeth 23, 24 and 25 are each provided with a pair of side projections such as 29, 3|, 32, 33, 34 and 35. As appears more clearly in Figs. 3 and 4, the projections 29, 3|, 32, 33, etc. are separate from the teeth 23 and 24 but are secured thereto as by welding or by any other means for securely fastening the projections to the teeth. Preferably, however, the teeth are formed with integral projections such as the projections 34 and 35 of the tooth 25,

' shown in Fig. 6.

The shape and all details of the teeth 23 and it are the same as the tooth 25, except that in the latter the projections are integral while the teeth 23 and 2d have projections secured to the teeth as by welding. I prefer to secure the projections to the teeth by fuse welding. In practice, all teeth of any bucket would probably either have the projections all made integral or all have the projections separate but secured. I have shown the different forms of teeth on the same bucket merely for the purpose of illustration.

The shape of the turning trough is quite im portant. Referring especially to Fig. 6, it should be pointed out that the surfaces 36 and S'l of the projections 35 and 3 3 are in the same plane as the upper surface of the tooth 25 and in effect form a continuation thereof. The curved surfaces 33 and 39 curve downward and outward continuously in the shape somewhat of a plow.

Therefore, between two of the adjacent proje tions as, for example, between the projections El and 28, there is thus formed the turning trough. The confronting edges of adjacent projections form a slot d5. Rearwardly extending keys such as 53, M and &5 (see Fig. 6) extend into the dipper front to aid in solidly holding the teeth on the dipper. The front of each tooth is tapered or bevelled as at ie and dim.

For further explanation of the taper 1 refer to Fig. 5. There the projections 29 and 31 have leading edges sea, and 5%, which are substantially continuations of the edge 59 of tooth 23, being in the same (horizontal as viewed in Fig. 5) plane therewith. The surfaces 36a and tla of the projections 3i and 29 are continuations of and in the same plane as the upper surface of the tooth. The leading edges Eda and Ebb are tapered into the surfaces 36a and Sid and into the plow-shaped surfaces the and 3% by the tapering surfaces 4% and iiic.

As is shown in Fig. 7, stones such as db, 3?, t3 and ie when engaged by the plow-shaped turning side wall of the trough formed by the projection 33, are turned by operation of the side wall of the trough and the slot to positions in which they will roll so that not only are the stones themselves forced back more efficiently along the trough into the dipper, but also the stones themselves often serve as rollers (in the nature of roller bearings) for transporting larger stones which may happen to be placed above them.

In the arrangement shown in Figs. 8, 9, and 11, the dipper front 6! has secured thereto a plurality of teeth such as (52 and E3 and between each pair of such teeth, there is a trough element such as it which is also secured to the dipper front iii and which is shaped somewhat similarly to the trough formed by a pair of the projections shown in Figs. 1 to I, inclusive. The trough ts adjacent the leading edge has a pair of fiat portions 65 and which are in the plane of and form continuations of the upper surface of the teeth 6-2 and 63. The trough element es is also formed with curved (plow-shaped) surfaces which lead down to the actual line 6? of the trough and operate in the same way as the trough described in connection with Figs. 1 to I, inclusive. As appears more clearly in Fig. 1f), the tooth 52 is formed with a groove or slot 63 which fits over the dipper front ti and by means of which the tooth G2 is secured to the front 8S. Similarly the trough element M is formed with a groove or slot 69 which also fits over and secures the trough element to the dipper front. Thus the dipper front has cooperating therewith a trough equipped with or having turning side walls.

In Fig. 12, a further modification is shown. Therein the trough elements H, 12, 13, etc. are made integral with the dipper front 14. Teeth such as the tooth 15 fit over and are secured to the dipper front 14 in the same manner that teeth such as the teeth 62 and 63 fit over and are secured to the dipper front 6|. It is to be understood that between each pair of adjacent trough elements and at each of the two sides, a dipper tooth is inserted so that dipper troughs are positioned between each pair of adjacent teeth. Such dip-Per troughs have turning side walls.

In the operation of a steam shovel equipped according to my invention, the bucket and dipper are operated in the usual way. However, when the teeth bite into the bank less frictional resistance is encountered because of the action of the stones, within the trough or runway which is equipped with turning sidewalls, the action bein illustrated in. Fig. 7.. Thus. it must be seen that if the stones are laying horizontal as shown by the stone 4%, they become tipped. by the plow action of the turning side walls as shown by the stone 4?, 48 and and by the cooperation therewith of the. slot. (.e. g., the slot 4!) until they are in a position in which they roll. Thus the rolling of the underneath stones not only eliminate a large part of their own friction but also enable the stones which are on top of them to roll over them, the action being in the nature of the action of roller bearings, I have found that I can by the use of this improvement dig more stones, gravel, dirt, etc. with the same amount. of power or dig an equal amount of stones, gravel, dirt, etc. with less power. Moreover, in the. dumping from the buckets of the material which has been gathered into such buckets, less. of the materials. spills out between the. teeth than would spill out if there were no lateral projections between the teeth. In this way, less stones, gravel, etc. fall on the roadway on which the receiving truck or on the railway on which the receiving car is placed and work in clearing away this debris is thus minimized. The resistance of a straight front such as might be provided if the teeth were made solid across the dipper front or if the lateral projections between the teeth were made solid and of equal cross-section with the teeth, would be greater and thus not even as satisfactory as a dipper front equipped with separated teeth. However, my arrangement in which the troughs between the teeth have a smaller cross-section than the te th themselves is. such that much reater efficiency is obtained than is. the case either with a solid front or separated teeth having no lateral projections.

While the forms of embodiments of the present invention as herein disclosed constitute preferred forms, it is to be understood that other forms might be adopted, all coming within the scope of the claims which follow.

I claim:

1. For use in combination with a power operated shovel, a dipper bucket having a plurality of teeth, each of said teeth being provided with a tapered projection extending outwardly from the side thereof, the projections of adjacent teeth cooperating to form a trough having turning side walls into and through which stones may pass and to form a slot between the projections of each pair of adjacent teeth, which slot cooperates with the turning side walls to turn such stones to positions in which they will roll into and rearward from said trough.

2. For use in combination with a power operated shovel, a dipper bucket having a plurality of teeth, each of said teeth being provided with a tapered projection shaped like a plow and extending outwardly from the side thereof, the projections of adjacent teeth cooperating to form a trough with turning side walls into and through which stones may pass and to form a slot between the side walls of the trough, the trough and the slot cooperating with the turning side walls to turn such stones to positions in which they will roll in and rearward from said trough.

3. For use in combination with a power operated shovel, a dipper bucket having a plurality of teeth, each of said teeth being provided with a tapered projection extending outwardly from the side thereof and extending forward substantially to the front of the adjacent teeth but tapering rearwardly to form a notch, the projections of adjacent teeth cooperating to form a trough having turning side walls into and through which stones may pass and to form a slot between the side Walls of each trough which cooperates with the trough and the taper of the projections to turn such stones to positions in which they will roll in and rearward from said trough, whereby friction of the stones is minimized, the not-ch being formed at substantially the center line of the trough.

4. For use in combination with a steam shovel, a dipper bucket having a plurality of teeth, said teeth being provided with a plurality of projections, each extending laterally from confronting sides of adjacent teeth and said projections cooperating to form a trough having tapered turning side walls between each pair of teeth and into and through which stones may pass, and the confronting edges of said projections being spaced from one another to form a slot in the trough between each pair of adjacent teeth which cooperates with the trough and the taper of the side walls to turn such stones to positions in which they will roll in and rearward from said trough, whereby friction of the stones is minimized.

5. For use in combination with the power perated shovel, a dipper bucket having a plurality of forwardly projecting teeth at the front thereof, said teeth being spaced from one another, each of said teeth being tapered upwardly rearwardly to gradual increased thickness in vertical cross section; substantially horizontal aggregate runway forming means between adjacent teeth including sections extending laterally from the confronting sides of adjacent teeth, each of said sections having a leading edge starting at the front edge of the tooth and extending rearwardly and laterally from the front edge of the tooth, each of the top surfaces of said sections declining from the tooth, from which it laterally projects, toward the next adjacent section of the next adjacent tooth.

6. For use in combination with the power operated shovel, a dipper bucket having a. plurality of forwardly projecting teeth at the front thereof, said teeth being spaced from one another, each of said teeth being tapered upwardly rearwardly to gradual increased thickness in vertical cross section; substantially horizontal aggregate runway forming means between adjacent teeth including sections extending laterally from the confronting sides of adjacent teeth, each of said sections having a leading edge starting at the front edge of the tooth and extending rearwardly and laterally from the front edge of the tooth, each of the top surfaces of said sections declining from the tooth, from which it laterally projects, toward the next adjacent section of the next adjacent tooth, the confronting edges of said sections being spaced from one another to form a rearwardly extending slot therebetween.

7. For use in combination with the power operated shovel, a dipper bucket having a plurality of forwardly projecting teeth at the front thereof, said teeth being spaced from one another, said teeth being tapered upwardly rearwardly to gradual increased thickness in vertical cross sections; a substantially horizontally extending trough between adjacent teeth including sections extending laterally from the confronting sides of adjacent teeth, each of said sections having a leading edge starting at the front edge of the tooth and extending rearwardly and laterally from the front edge of the tooth, each of the top surfaces of said sections declining, from the tooth from which it laterally projects, toward the next adjacent section of the next adjacent tooth.

8. For use in combination with the power operated shovel, a dipper bucket having a plurality of forwardly projecting teeth at the front thereof, said teeth being spaced from one another, said teeth being tapered upwardly rearwardly to gradua1 increased thickness in vertical cross sections; a substantially horizontally ext-ending trough spanning adjacent teeth including connected sections, each of said sections extending laterally from the confronting sides of the adjacent teeth, each of said sections having a leading edge starting at the front edge of the tooth and extending rearwardly and laterally from the front edge of the tooth from which it 1aterally projects, each of the top surfaces of said sections declining, from the tooth from which it laterally projects, to the connecting section.

ROBERT G. FRYE.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,009,254 McKenzie Nov. 21, 1911 1,217,500 Rehally Feb. 27, 1917 1,796,737 Van Buskirk Mar. 17, 1931 1,843,205 Clark Feb. 2, 1932 2,005,016 Van Buskirk June 18, 1935 

